Chapter 4 | Table of Contents | Chapter 6
A Tenant’s Guide To The New York City Housing Court
Chapter 5
Information on Legal Documents
Section 5A
Notice of Eviction
A "notice of eviction" is a written notice from a City Marshal that warns you that you and
your family can be evicted soon. An eviction means that the Marshal can come to your
apartment, remove you and your family and your belongings from the apartment, and
change the door locks.
If the notice of eviction is given to you personally, you can be evicted on the fourth
business day after that, not counting weekends and legal holidays. If the notice is not
served on you personally, then you can be evicted on the sixth business day after it is left
with someone else in your apartment or left on your apartment door. Since mistakes can
happen, you should not wait until the fourth or sixth business day before you do
something either to stop the eviction or to move out of the apartment if you agree that
you do not have the right to remain.
The notice of eviction is the last court paper that needs to be served on you before you
are evicted. The notice of eviction will be served after the court issues a warrant of
eviction. The notice of eviction is supposed to be served like other legal papers. (See p.
7, Chapter 3, "How Legal Papers are Served") However, even if the Marshal does not
serve the papers on you in the right way, it may be difficult for you to stop the eviction or
for you to have a judge put you back in your apartment after the eviction if the landlord
has a judgment against you after trial or if you have not kept the promises you made in
an agreement settling your case.
After the warrant is issued, even if you pay the rent, the landlord may still choose to evict
you. If you don't have the landlord's signed written agreement or an Order to Show
Cause stopping the eviction, the City Marshal may seek to evict you even though you
paid the full judgment to the landlord. In a nonpayment case, before the warrant is
issued, the landlord must accept your rent and may not go forward with the eviction.
If you receive a notice of eviction and want to stop or put off your eviction go to the
Landlord-Tenant Clerk's Office immediately and ask for an Order to Show Cause. (See
p. 16, Section 5B, "Order to Show Cause") To find out if you are scheduled for an
eviction call the City Marshal's Office listed on your notice of eviction and ask if a specific
date has been set for your eviction. The phone number for the Marshal's Office will be on
the notice. Call the City Marshal each day until you find out the date scheduled for your
eviction. Do not wait to get an Order to Show Cause until your eviction is actually
scheduled because, by that time, it may be too late.
Section 5B
Order to Show Cause
An "Order to Show Cause" is a court order telling a person to come to court and show
why the orders requested by the other side should not be granted. An Order to Show
Cause can be used to ask the court to stop an eviction, to force the landlord to live up to
his or her part of an agreement or the Judge's order, or to bring your case back before
the Judge for any other reason.
To file Order to Show Cause go to the Housing Court Clerk's Office and ask for an Order
to Show Cause. Fill out an "affidavit," which is your sworn statement explaining why you
need the Court to stop your eviction or give you whatever other assistance you need.
Ask the Clerk to have the Judge sign the Order to Show Cause. Ask the Clerk if you
should wait or return early the next day. The Order to Show Cause will include an order
preventing your eviction until your request can be heard in court at a later date. If your
eviction is scheduled for that same day, be sure to tell the Clerk.
If you are being evicted because you did not come to court when you were supposed to,
you must show two things in the Order to Show Cause:
- A good reason for not going to court when you were supposed to, such as "I never
received the court papers" or "I was sick," and;
- A good defense against the landlord's claim in the petition, such as "I paid part or the
full amount," or "I need repairs."
If you are being evicted because you did not keep your promise in the settlement
agreement or the Judge's order, you must explain that you have a good excuse for not
having done so. In a nonpayment case, the Judge may not sign an Order to Show
Cause stopping the eviction unless you can deposit the entire judgment amount with the
Court or you can prove that you do not have all of the money because of a delay by the
Department of Social Services and not through any fault on your part.
What to Do if the Judge DOES NOT Sign the Order to Show Cause:
- Find out from the Clerk the reason that the order was not signed. Usually there will be
a notation on the Order to Show Cause saying the reason for the denial. If the Order to
Show Cause was denied because the Judge wanted some more information or a deposit
into the court, you might be able to get what the Judge wanted and make another Order
to Show Cause.
- It is also possible to go to the Appellate Term of the Supreme Court to ask the Judges
there to review the denial. To do this, you will need a copy of the denied Order to Show
Cause. Take the copy to the Appellate Term Clerk’s Office. The Clerk will give you the
address.
- When you get to the Appellate Term, you will have to fill out an Affidavit in Support of
your request to the Appellate Term. If the Judge from the Appellate Term signs your
Order to Show Cause, you will have to serve a copy on the landlord to his or her attorney,
a copy on the Marshall, and bring the original to the Landlord-Tenant Clerk’s Office. This
is very important, since if you do not do it, the case will not be on the calendar.
- On the return date, go to the courtroom and let the clerk know that you are there for
the Order to Show Cause.
What to Do if the Judge DOES Sign the Order to Show Cause:
First Serve the Order to Show Cause Properly:
- You must deliver (serve) the papers in the way that the order tells you to do it and by
the date and time that the judge has directed, usually the next day.
- Usually you must deliver a copy of the order to show cause and the affidavit to the
landlord’s attorney or to the landlord if there is no attorney, and if a warrant of eviction
was issued, to the City Marshal. The Clerk will show you how to find the addresses of the
attorney and the Marshal.
- If your eviction is scheduled for that same day or if the Marshal is in a different
borough, the Clerk should also call the Marshal to tell him or her that an Order to Show
Cause has been signed stopping the eviction. The Clerk will also give you an Affidavit of
Service for you to fill out after you have served the Order to Show Cause. The Clerk will
give instructions on how to serve the Order to Show Case, but be sure that you
understand what you have to do before you leave.
- When you serve the Order to Show Cause, you should ask the landlord’s attorney or
the landlord and the City marshal to sign or stamp his/her name and the date and time
that he or she received the papers. This is called acknowledging service. If either or
both do not sign or stamp your copy, you must fill out the Affidavit of Service. This will be
your proof that you served the papers.
- After you fill out the Affidavit of Service, you must sign it and have it notarized. You
must have either a stamped or signed copy of the Order to Show Cause or your Affidavit
of Service when you return to the court. If you do not have this and your landlord does
not show up, your Order to Show Cause may be denied and you will have to start the
process all over again. In the meantime you might be evicted.
Next Go To Court:
- The Order to Show Cause will tell you the day, time and courtroom to go to when you
return to court. Be there on time.
- Check the calendar on the wall outside of the courtroom to make sure your case is on
the calendar.
- Find your case on the calendar and write down your calendar number so you will know
when your case will be called. If your case is not on the calendar, go to the Housing
Court Clerk's office or ask the Judge's Clerk what you should do.
- When your case is called, stand up and say loudly "Tenant." If the landlord does not
answer, you may, as described above, have to show your Affidavit of Service and, if you
were also told to mail the Order to Show Cause, your Post Office mailing receipts.
- Even if the landlord is there, he or she may deny that you properly served the Order to
Show Cause and you will have to show your proof of service.
- If the landlord answers, you will be told to step up to see the Judge and tell the Judge
the problem. For example, tell the Judge why you missed your earlier court date or why
you have not been able to pay the rent under the stipulation you signed or what the
landlord has failed to do. (See p. 12, Section 4D, "Trials" for some hints on how to tell
your story to the Judge)
- What will happen depends on the Judge's decision. If you do not understand what is
happening, ask the Judge to explain.
|